Let f : Q → Q {\displaystyle f:\mathbb {Q} \rightarrow \mathbb {Q} } , and let ϵ : Q {\displaystyle \epsilon :\mathbb {Q} } be positive. We define Δ ϵ f : Q → Q {\displaystyle \Delta _{\epsilon }f:\mathbb {Q} \rightarrow \mathbb {Q} } by